Each term is also written in Hangul (한글). If your device has a Korean voice installed, tap the speaker to hear it. This is standard Korean pronunciation, so it may sound a little different from your instructor.
Native Korean numbers are used for counting repetitions (e.g. during exercises). Sino-Korean numbers are used for ranks and ordinals (e.g. il-dan = 1st degree).
| # | Native Korean (counting reps) | 한글 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Hana | 하나 |
| 2 | Dool | 둘 |
| 3 | Set | 셋 |
| 4 | Net | 넷 |
| 5 | Dasot | 다섯 |
| 6 | Yasot | 여섯 |
| 7 | Ilgop | 일곱 |
| 8 | Yodol | 여덟 |
| 9 | Ahop | 아홉 |
| 10 | Yol | 열 |
| # | Sino-Korean (ranks / ordinals) | 한글 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Il | 일 |
| 2 | I | 이 |
| 3 | Sam | 삼 |
| 4 | Sa | 사 |
| 5 | O | 오 |
| 6 | Yook | 육 |
| 7 | Chil | 칠 |
| 8 | Pal | 팔 |
| 9 | Gu | 구 |
| 10 | Ship | 십 |
The instructor's calls that run a class. The opening sequence is usually Charyot → Kyong-ye → Junbi.
| Korean | 한글 | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Charyot | 차렷 | Attention |
| Kyong-ye | 경례 | Bow |
| Junbi | 준비 | Ready |
| Sijak | 시작 | Begin / start |
| Gallyeo | 갈려 | Break (separate, in sparring) |
| Gyesok | 계속 | Continue |
| Goman (Gûman) | 그만 | Stop / finish |
| Baro | 바로 | Return to ready |
| Swiyo | 쉬어 | Relax / at ease |
| Dwiro dora | 뒤로 돌아 | About turn |
| Haechyo | 헤쳐 | Dismiss / break off |
| Tora / Dora | 돌아 | Turn |
How instructors and students are addressed. Degrees (dan) are stated with Sino-Korean numbers — e.g. sam-dan = 3rd degree.
| Korean | 한글 | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Jeja | 제자 | Student |
| Boosabum | 부사범 | Assistant instructor (1st–3rd dan) |
| Sabum | 사범 | Instructor (4th–6th dan) |
| Sahyun | 사현 | Master (7th–8th dan) |
| Saseong | 사성 | Grandmaster (9th dan) |
| Korean | 한글 | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Gup (Geup) | 급 | Coloured-belt grade |
| Dan | 단 | Black-belt degree |
| Yudanja | 유단자 | Black-belt holder |
| Gyosa-nim | 교사님 | Respectful address for a teacher |
| Sabum-nim | 사범님 | “Honoured instructor” (-nim = respect) |
These modifiers combine with technique names — e.g. Ap Joomuk Kaunde Jirugi = fore-fist middle punch.
| Korean | 한글 | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Ap | 앞 | Front |
| Dwit | 뒤 | Back / rear |
| Yop | 옆 | Side |
| An | 안 | Inner |
| Bakat | 바깥 | Outer |
| Wen | 왼 | Left |
| Oreun | 오른 | Right |
| Korean | 한글 | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Nopunde | 높은데 | High section |
| Kaunde | 가운데 | Middle section |
| Najunde | 낮은데 | Low section |
| Sang | 쌍 | Twin / double |
| Chookyo | 추켜 | Rising (as in rising block) |
| Bandae | 반대 | Reverse |
| Bandal | 반달 | Half / crescent |
| Korean | 한글 | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Joomuk | 주먹 | Fist |
| Sonkal | 손칼 | Knife-hand |
| Sonkut | 손끝 | Fingertips |
| Palkup | 팔굽 | Elbow |
| Palmok | 팔목 | Forearm |
| Son / Sonbadak | 손 / 손바닥 | Hand / palm |
| Korean | 한글 | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Bal | 발 | Foot |
| Balkal | 발칼 | Footsword (outer edge) |
| Ap Kumchi | 앞꿈치 | Ball of the foot |
| Dwitchook | 뒤축 | Back heel |
| Baldung | 발등 | Instep |
| Mooroop | 무릎 | Knee |
| Korean | 한글 | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Taekwon-Do | 태권도 | “The way of the foot and fist” |
| Dojang | 도장 | Training hall |
| Dobok | 도복 | Training uniform |
| Ti | 띠 | Belt |
| Tul | 틀 | Pattern |
| Matsogi | 맞서기 | Sparring |
| Dallyon | 단련 | Training / forging the body |
| Jirugi | 지르기 | Punch |
| Taerigi | 때리기 | Strike |
| Tulgi | 뚫기 | Thrust |
| Chagi | 차기 | Kick |
| Makgi | 막기 | Block |
| Sogi | 서기 | Stance |
| Kyok Pa | 격파 | Breaking (power test) |
| Hosin Sool | 호신술 | Self-defence |
| Pahsang Undong | 파상 운동 | Sine-wave motion (knee-spring rise and fall) |
Romanisation varies between schools and federations (e.g. Goman / Gûman, Wen / Wenjok). The spellings here follow forms common in General Choi's Encyclopedia.
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Further calls and courtesies heard at the start and end of class. Greetings are everyday Korean; commands follow ITF usage.
| Korean | 한글 | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Kukgi Baerye | 국기 배례 | Salute to the flag |
| Sabum-nim Kke Kyong-ye | 사범님께 경례 | Bow to the instructor |
| Junbi Jase | 준비 자세 | Ready posture |
| Orun Dwiro Dora | 오른 뒤로 돌아 | Right about-turn |
| Kyo Dae | 교대 | Change over (swap partners or sides) |
| Mom Pulgi | 몸풀기 | Warm-up |
| Mooknyum | 묵념 | Meditation (a moment of silence) |
| Kihap | 기합 | Focused shout at the moment of impact |
| Annyong Hasimnikka | 안녕하십니까 | Formal greeting (“Hello”) |
| Kamsa Hamnida | 감사합니다 | Thank you |
Types of sparring from prearranged to free, the fundamental exercises and other training words.
| Korean | 한글 | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Sambo Matsogi | 삼보 맞서기 | Three-step sparring |
| Ibo Matsogi | 이보 맞서기 | Two-step sparring |
| Ilbo Matsogi | 일보 맞서기 | One-step sparring |
| Ban Jayu Matsogi | 반자유 맞서기 | Semi-free sparring |
| Jayu Matsogi | 자유 맞서기 | Free sparring |
| Mobom Matsogi | 모범 맞서기 | Model sparring (a choreographed demonstration) |
| Bal Matsogi | 발 맞서기 | Foot sparring (feet only) |
| Saju Jirugi | 사주 지르기 | Four-direction punch (fundamental exercise) |
| Saju Makgi | 사주 막기 | Four-direction block (fundamental exercise) |
| Wiryok | 위력 | Power test (breaking in competition) |
| Teukgi | 특기 | Special technique (high and flying breaks) |
| Yeonmuseon | 연무선 | Pattern diagram (the line a pattern follows) |
| Simsa | 심사 | Grading examination |
| Sibum | 시범 | Demonstration |
Every technique name is built from parts — stance, tool, height, direction and action. Once you know these words, most names in the pattern guide are easy to work out.
| Korean | 한글 | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Anuro | 안으로 | Inward |
| Bakuro | 바깥으로 | Outward |
| Naeryo | 내려 | Downward |
| Ollyo | 올려 | Upward |
| Dollyo | 돌려 | Turning (in an arc) |
| Dollimyo | 돌리며 | Circular (while circling) |
| Sewo | 세워 | Vertical (held upright) |
| Dwijibo | 뒤집어 | Upset (turned palm-up; also written Dwijibun) |
| Soopyong | 수평 | Horizontal |
| Doo | 두 | Double (one arm reinforcing the other) |
| Kyocha | 교차 | X / crossed |
| Narani | 나란히 | Parallel |
| Twimyo | 뛰며 | Flying (while jumping) |
| Yonsok | 연속 | Consecutive |
| Digutja | 디귿자 | U-shape (like the letter ㄷ) |
| Giokja | 기역자 | Angle (like the letter ㄱ) |
| San | 산 | W-shape (“mountain”) |
| Daebi | 대비 | Guarding |
| Hechyo | 헤쳐 | Wedging (forcing apart) |
| Noollo | 눌러 | Pressing |
| Miro | 밀어 | Pushing |
| Golcho | 걸쳐 | Hooking |
| Opun | 엎은 | Flat (palm facing down) |
| Sun | 선 | Straight (hand upright) |
| Busigi | 부시기 | Snap (as in front snap kick) |
| Japgi | 잡기 | Grasp |
| Yobap | 옆앞 | Side-front |
| Yopdwi | 옆뒤 | Side-back |
| Hori | 허리 | Waist |
Example — Yul-Gok, movement 15: Orun gunnun so sonbadak kaunde golcho makgi = Orun (right) · gunnun so (walking stance) · sonbadak (palm) · kaunde (middle) · golcho (hooking) · makgi (block): a right walking stance palm middle hooking block.
Hechyo (wedging) and Haechyo (dismiss) are the same Korean word, 헤쳐 — “spread apart”.